Electrostatic charge can caused by separation of materials or by influence too.
A very low voltage change can damage the electronic devices or parts such as integrated circuits, FET, SMD parts.
Static electricity is a surface phenomenon and is generated when surfaces come into contact with one another and are separated again. The greater the pressure or the speed of separation, the greater the charge.
The root cause of electron transfer is the atomic structure of materials. After the two surfaces come into contact electrons from one material transfer to the other material. The magnitude and polarity of the charge depend on the position in the Tribo-electric series.
The electron transfer lasts as long as the Fermi level of materials equalize. The contacted materials show electroneutrality, because in general electron does not leave and arrive to the surface. During the separation the electrons try to find their original position on the material, but they do not have enough time to align back.